Course description
1
Lecture 1: Preliminaries - Democracy and elections
1.1
Introductory question
1.2
Normative and positive statements
1.3
Normative and positive statements (2)
1.4
Normative and positive statements (3)
1.5
Normative and positive statements (4)
1.6
Democracy -
normative
and
positive
definitions
1.7
Democracy
1.8
Elections
1.9
Partisan and non-partisan elections
1.10
Direct and representative democracy
1.11
Athenian democracy
1.12
Athenian democracy (2)
1.13
Athenian democracy (3)
1.14
City-state and nation state
1.15
Representative democracy
1.16
Representative democracy (2)
1.17
Robert Dahl on “realistic” democracy (polyarchy)
1.18
Larry Diamond on representative democracy
1.19
Samuel Huntington on democratic government
1.20
Democracy and republic
1.21
Democracy and republic (2)
1.22
Democracy and republic (3)
1.23
Principles of Free Elections
1.24
The growth of universal suffrage in UK
1.25
… The growth of universal suffrage in UK
1.26
Electoral fraud
1.27
Electoral fraud (2)
1.28
Electoral fraud (3)
1.29
Electoral fraud (4)
2
Lecture 2: Voting, elections, and electoral systems
2.1
Collective decisions
2.2
Consensus
2.3
Collective decisions (2)
2.4
Collective decisions (3)
2.5
Voting
2.5.1
Sortition
2.6
Elections
2.6.1
The basic elements of an election (Retrieved from: Tannenbaum, P. (2018) Excursion in modern mathematics.)
2.7
Social choice theory
2.8
Voting method (electoral system)
2.9
Voting method (2)
2.10
Voting method (3)
2.10.1
Ballot types
2.11
Types of voting systems
2.12
Types of voting systems (2)
2.13
Types of voting systems (3)
2.14
Types of voting systems (4)
3
Lecture 3: Majoritarian electoral (voting) systems: how to choose the winner/winners using varieties of
plurality
and
absolute majority
systems?
3.1
Preference schedule (profile)
3.2
Majoritarian electoral (voting) systems
3.3
Plurality Method
3.4
Plurality method in SMD and MMD (a few well-known variants)
3.5
FPTP
3.6
Borda Count
3.7
Borda Count (2)
3.8
Instant Runoff Method
3.9
Instant Runoff Method (2)
3.10
Instant Runoff Method (3)
3.11
The method of pairwise comparisons
3.12
The method of pairwise comparisons - example
3.13
Runoff Method (the two-round majority system)
3.14
Runoff Method (2)
3.15
Approval Voting
3.16
Some variaties of the
plurality
majoritarian and the
absolute
majority voting systems - usage
3.17
Voters’ preferences - voting system - election result
3.18
Kenneth Arrow on voting systems and election results
3.19
K. Arrow’s fairness criteria (1)
3.20
K. Arrow’s fairness criteria (2)
3.21
Condorcet candidate
3.22
K. Arrow’s fairness criteria (3)
3.23
Borda count violates the majority criterion
3.24
The plurality method (
first-past-the-post
(FPTP)) violates the Condorcet criterion
3.25
Plurality-with-elimination (Instant Runoff) violates the monotonicity criterion
3.26
Borda count violates IIA
3.27
Borda count violates IIA (2)
3.28
Plurality method violates the IIA
3.29
Implications of the Arrow’s impossibility theorem
3.30
Summary of violations of the fairness criteria
4
Lecture 4: Proportional representation - apportionment methods
4.1
Types of apportionment methods
4.2
Apportionment methods
4.3
Apportionment methods (2)
4.4
Apportionment methods (3)
4.5
Standard quota
4.6
Apportionment methods - what does it mean that two quantities (
votes and seats
) are in proportion (proportional)
4.7
Apportionment methods (5)
4.8
Apportionment methods (6)
4.9
Apportionment methods (7)
4.10
Hamilton (Hare) Method
4.11
Hamilton (Hare) Method (2)
4.12
Hamilton (Hare) Method (4)
4.13
Jefferson-d’Hondt method
4.14
Webster - Sainte-Lague method
4.15
D’Hondt method
4.16
Apportionment methods - examples
4.17
A
unification
bonus - example
4.18
The
quota rule
and
paradoxes of apportionment
methods (1)
4.19
The
quota rule
and
paradoxes of apportionment
methods (2)
4.20
The Alabama paradox
4.21
Population paradox
4.22
New states paradox
4.23
Balinski and Young theorem
5
Lecture 5: Electoral rules and electoral outcomes
5.1
Mechanical and psychological effects of voting systems
5.2
Mechanical and psychological effects of voting systems (2)
5.3
Endogeneity in studies on electoral systems
5.4
Mechanical and psychological effects of voting systems (3)
5.5
Mechanical and psychological effects of voting systems (3)
5.6
Mechanical and psychological effects of voting systems (4)
5.7
Mechanical effect and electoral disproportionality
5.8
Measuring electoral disproportionality
5.9
A unification bonus (a coalition bonus)
5.10
Mechanical effects of apportionment methods
6
Lecture 6: Electoral districts (constituencies): redistricting, gerrymandering, and malapportionment
6.1
Task
6.2
Gerrymandering (1)
6.3
Gerrymandering (2)
6.4
Gerrymandering (3)
6.5
Gerrymandering (4)
6.6
Gerrymandering (5)
6.7
Gerrymandering (6)
6.8
Electoral districts - definition
6.9
Advantages of delimiting electoral districts (1)
6.10
Advantages of delimiting electoral districts (2)
6.11
Advantages of delimiting electoral districts (3)
6.12
Redistricting criteria - the case of USA (federal rules - equal population)
6.13
Redistricting criteria - the case of USA (federal rules - … equal population)
6.14
Redistricting criteria - the case of USA (federal rules - race and ethnicity)
6.15
Redistricting criteria - the case of USA (state criteria - contiguity)
6.16
Redistricting criteria - the case of USA (state criteria - political boundaries)
6.17
Redistricting criteria - the case of USA (state criteria - compactness)
6.18
Redistricting criteria - the case of USA (state criteria - community of interest)
6.19
Malapportionment
6.20
Ideal
population
6.21
The “material” equality of voters - example
6.22
… Example
7
Lecture 7: Voting behavior (1): political participation
7.1
Forms of participation
7.2
Who participate in politics?
7.3
Who participate in politics? (2)
7.4
Who participate in politics? (3)
7.5
Turnout
7.6
Rational choice and bounded rationality
7.7
Turnout (2)
7.8
Turnout (3)
7.9
Turnout (4)
8
Lecture 8: Voting behavior (2): How do we decide how to vote?
8.1
Introduction
8.2
Introduction
8.3
Introduction - sociological accounts of voting
8.4
Introduction - nature
versus
nurture
8.5
Party identification
8.6
Party identification (2)
8.7
Issue voting
8.8
Issue voting (2)
8.9
Issue voting (3)
8.10
Issue voting (4)
8.11
Spatial issues (1)
8.12
Valence issues
8.13
Economic voting
8.14
Candidates’ personal attributes
8.15
Age and voting - sociological accounts of voting
8.16
Gender and voting - sociological accounts of voting
8.17
“New type” religious-secular division - sociological accounts of voting
8.18
“New type” religious-secular division (2)
8.19
Class voting
8.20
Class voting (2)
8.21
Class voting (3)
8.22
Psychological underpinnings of voting: Heuristics
8.23
Types of heuristics (1)
8.24
Types of heuristics (2)
8.25
Types of heuristics (3)
8.26
Heuristics and biases
8.27
Cognitive “heuristics” employed by voters (1)
8.28
Cognitive “heuristics” employed by voters (2)
8.29
Cognitive “heuristics” employed by voters (3)
8.30
Cognitive “heuristics” employed by voters (4)
Intro to ES IPS (WSMiP UŁ)
4.9
Apportionment methods (7)
We get:
i
\(v_i\)
\(q_i\)
\([q_i] = s_i\)
1
26000
3.35
3
2
19000
2.45
2
3
18500
2.38
2
4
16000
2.06
2
5
10000
1.29
1
6
3700
0.48
0
\(\sum\)
93200
10 [< 12 (**!**)]